Dynamic monitoring of scar changes by B-mode ultrasound / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To study the application of B-mode ultrasound in objective evaluation and dynamic monitoring of scar.Methods:The subjects were patients with scar in the outpatient and inpatient department of plastic surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2018 to June 2020. According to the type of scar, they were divided into 3 groups: 21 patients in the normal scar group, 23 patients in the hypertrophic scar group, and 15 patients in the keloid group. All 59 patients were regularly scanned by B-mode ultrasound for scar images and the scar thickness was measured.Results:B-mode ultrasonic images of scars were analyzed in each group: The echo intensity of dermis of normal scar was uneven, hypertrophic scar and keloid dermis showed obvious hypoecho, and some cases of keloid presented a small amount of blood flow. There was no significant change in the ultrasonic images of scar in each group within 1 year. Changes in scar thickness were observed in each group. The normal scar thickness did not change significantly within 1 year. The thickness of hypertrophic scar showed a trend of first increasing and then stabilized within 1 year.Conclusions:B-mode ultrasound can assist to identify different scar types according to ultrasonic performance. B-mode ultrasound can be used to measure scar thickness objectively and accurately and monitor the dynamic changes of scars.

Diagnostic value of different imagines for choledocholithiasis abdominal pain / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To evaluate direct bilirubin /total bilirubin(D/T), B-mode ultrasound(BUS), multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis abdominal pain (CAP).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the materials of patients who were diagnosed with choledocholithiasis abdominal pain by above imagines in the emergency department of Beijing Friendship Hospital during March 2016 to December 2018. The stones were taken out by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or surgical operation as the golden standard.Results:Among 256 patients, 195 cases, 138 cases, 107 cases and 26 cases were diagnosed by EUS, MRCP, CT and BUS, respectively. The sensitivity were 0.86, 0.62, 0.45, 0.13, respectively. The specificity were 0.86, 0.81, 0.75, 0.87. The positive predictive value were 0.97, 0.96, 0.91, 0.83.The negative predictive value were 0.55, 0.19, 0.21, 0.16. The accuracy rate were 0.88, 0.64, 0.48, 0.30, respectively. The sensitivity of D/T and D/T combined with EUS in the diagnosis of CAP were 0.57 and 0.67, and the accuracy were 0.16 and 0.56, respectively.Conclusions:EUS has a high diagnostic value for CAP. MRCP is superior to CT in the value of diagnosis of CAP. BUS in imaging diagnosis of CAP value is relatively low, but D/T combined with BUS can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis for CAP.

A preliminary study on B-mode ultrasonic evaluation of muscle recovery after functional gracilis muscle transplantation / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To investigate the value of the B-mode ultrasound method for muscle recovery after transplantation.Methods From January,2009 to January,2014,35 patients of functioning free gracilis muscle transplantation for brachial plexus injury were involved.Using B-mode ultrasound to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of transplanted gracilismuscle at rest and contraction state.The contraction ratio (CR) and the muscle bulk ratio (MBR) was calculated based on the CSA.Then the CR and MBR were analysised statistically with manual muscle strength and joint range of motion (ROM) to investigate the correlation.Results The followed-up time was 8-24 months,averaged of 22.4 months.The CR of the transplated muscle was (1.23±0.15),which was significantly correlated with muscle strength and joint ROM (P＜0.01,r=0.872,r=0.847,respectively).CR of transplanted muscle with or larger than M4 was greater than that of less than M4 [CR were (1.35±0.10),(1.09±0.06),respectively],and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The MBR was greater than 1 in 17 cases,and less than 1 in 18 cases.There was no significant correlation between MBR and muscle strength and ROM (P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in muscle strength and ROM between patients with MBR greater than 1 and those with MBR less than 1 (P=0.054,P=0.284,respectively).Conclusion The transplanted muscle recovery can be quantitatively reflected by the CR.CR enlargement of the transplanted gracilis muscle indicated a better recovery of muscle contraction function.MBR is not suitable for evaluating function recovery of transplanted muscles.

Echobiometrics kidney and renal artery triplex doppler of canine fetuses / Ecobiometria renal e Doppler Triplex da artéria renal de fetos caninos

The aim of this study was to assess the sogographic parameters and biometry of canine fetal kidneys using the B mode, and to determinate the vascular index of the fetal renal arteries using the Doppler Triplex. Twenty four Shi-tzu and Pug, weighting between 4 and 10kg, aging between 4 and 6 years old were evaluated. The B mode, the fetal renal echobiometry and regularity of the renal surface, echotexture and cortex:medular ratio were evaluated during the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th weeks of pregnancy. At the same time point of the B mode evaluation, the Doppler Triplex was carried out to assess the sistolic peak velocity (SPV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), vascular resistive (RI) and pulsatility index (PI). B mode revealed no fetal renal abnormalities and echobiometry showed important measurements during fetal development (P<0.0001). The values of the fetal renal arteries index (PSV and EDV) increased during the course of the pregancy (P<0.05) and remained constant for PI and RI (P>0.05). B mode and Doppler Triplex were important tools for the assessment of fetal renal development, using echobiometry and renal arterial index in canie fetuses...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio da ultrassonografia convencional modo B, as características sonográficas e a biometria dos rins de fetos caninos, bem como determinar os índices vasculares da artéria renal dos conceptos ao Doppler Triplex. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas Shi-tzu e Pugs pesando de quatro a 10 kg e com idade entre quatro e seis anos. Ao modo B, a ecobiometria renal fetal, a regularidade da superfície renal, a ecotextura e a relação córtico-medular foram avaliadas durante a quinta, sexta, sétima e oitava semanas gestacionais. Ao Doppler Triplex, durante o mesmo período em que se realizou o exame convencional, foram determinados o pico de velocidade sistólica (PVS), a velocidade diastólica final (EDV) e o índice de resistência vascular (RI) e de pulsatividade (PI). Ao modo B, não foram detectadas alterações em rins fetais, e à ecobiometria renal dos fetos, foi possível determinar medidas renais importantes, verificando-se aumento das biometrias no decorrer do desenvolvimento fetal (P<0,0001). Ao Doppler Triplex, determinaram-se os índices vasculares da artéria renal fetal, sendo que os valores para PSV e EDV aumentaram no decorrer das semanas gestacionais (P<0,05) e permaneceram constantes para PI e RI (P>0,05). Concluiu-se que o modo B e o Doppler Triplex são ferramentas importantes para a avaliação do desenvolvimento renal fetal, com a utilização da ecobiometria renal e avaliação dos indices vasculares da artéria renal de fetos caninos...

Do we need individual measurement of carotid intima and media thickness? / 대한내과학회지

Early detection of risk factors related with atherosclerosis, is necessary to decrease the morbidity and mortality of cardiovasular disease(CVD). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is regarded as a surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk, believed to detect high risk better than traditional risk factors alone have been proposed. There were numerous studies which were evaluated the correlation with carotid IMT and cardiovascular events. In addition, measure of carotid IMT is safe, noninvasive, and relatively inexpensive method to detect early changes of atherosclerosis. Recently, the method which could measure carotid intima and media thickness seperatly, was developed . In this issue, Won et al, reported that in hypertensive patients, media thickness was greater than that of normotensive patients. however, intima thickness was not different in between two groups. They concluded medial hypertrophy contribute to increase IMT in hypertensive patients. However, there are technical limitation related with the characteristics of ultrasound., individual measurement of intima and media is very promising method to evaluate the disease progression earlier than the other methods. Thus this method can be applied to identify and track the progression of atherosclerotic disease.

Utilidad de la asociación entre factores de riesgo cardiovasculares y la aterosclerosis carotídea en el diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica / Usefulness of the association between cardiovascular risk factors and carotid atherosclerosis in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease

Pacientes cuyo riesgo cardiovascular no es fácilmente estimable pueden beneficiarse de técnicas como el ultrasonido modo B que permite detectar engrosamiento del complejo íntima-media y placas de ateroma en las arterias. Se realizó este estudio para estimar el riesgo de cardiopatía isquémica según lesiones ateroscleróticas encontradas por ultrasonido carotídeo y factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en 74 sujetos sometidos a coronariografía, con diagnóstico presuntivo de cardiopatía isquémica, divididos en 2 grupos: pacientes y controles, los primeros definidos por la coronariografía con lesiones ateroscleróticas oclusivas de más del 50 % de la luz de al menos una coronaria y los controles con lesiones no significativas, en los que se identificaron los factores de riesgo por interrogatorio y por exámenes hemoquímicos. En todos se practicó un ultrasonido modo B de ambas carótidas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre pacientes y controles en las variables sexo masculino, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, perímetro de cintura, índice de masa corporal, colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol en lipoproteínas de alta densidad, colesterol en lipoproteínas de baja densidad, apolipoproteína B, antecedentes patológicos en familiares de primera línea de infarto o muerte súbita antes de los 45 años en hombres y 55 en mujeres. Cada variable mostró un riesgo relativo mayor que 1, excepto el perímetro de cintura. El ultrasonido modo B carotídeo en pacientes que presenten los factores de riesgo siguientes: sexo masculino, índice de masa corporal ≥25, colesterol alto, colesterol en lipoproteínas de alta densidad bajo, antecedentes patológicos en familiares de primera línea, hipertensión arterial y tabaquismo, permite conocer con exactitud el riesgo de desarrollar lesiones coronarias significativas y, por tanto, determinar con mayor exactitud el diagnóstico de cardiopatía isquémica.

Those patients whose cardiovascular risk is not easy to estimate may benefit from techniques such as the B-mode ultrasound that allows to detect the intima-media complex thickness and atheroma plaques in the arteries. This study was conducted to estimate the risk for ischemic heart disease according to atherosclerotic lesions found by carotid ultrasound, and to cardiovascular risk factors in 74 subjects undergoing coronariography with presumptive diagnosis of ischemic heart disease that were divided into 2 groups: patients and controls. The first were defined by coronariography with atherosclerotic occlusive lesions of more than 50 % of the light of at least a coronary artery . In the second group there were no significant lesions and the risk factors were identified by interview and hemochemical tests. All of them underwent a B-mode ultrasound of both carotid arteries. Significant differences were found between patients and controls in the following variables: male sex, hypertension, smoking, waist perimeter , body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, pathological history of infarction and sudden death in first-line relatives before 45 years old in men and 55 years old in women. . Each variable showed a relative risk higher than 1, excepting the waist perimeter. The carotid B-mode ultrasound in patients presenting risk factors such as male sex, body mass index ³ 25, high cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, pathological history in first-line relatives, arterial hypertension and smoking, allows to know with accuracy the risk for developing significant coronary lesions and, therefore, to determine with more precision the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease.

Relationship Between Carotid and Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Elderly

BACKGROUND: The extent of carotid artery atherosclerosis as measured by B-mode ultrasound has been shown to be correlated with the presence or absence of coronary atherosclerotic disease(CAD), but no studies to date have used carotid B-mode ultrasound to compare the extent of atherosclerotic disease in the two arterial circulation. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between carotid artery and coronary artery atherosclerosis. METHODS: Four hundred fifty four consecutive elderly patients(220 men, 234 women) greater than 60 years of age who underwent coronary angiography for suspected CAD were evaluated by B-mode ultra- sound imaging of the both common carotid, proximal internal carotid and carotid bifurcation for measure- ment of atherosclerostic plaque. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was judged by a consensus inter- pretation of coronary angiogram. CAD was defined as 50% or greater diameter stenosis of coronary artery. RESULTS: The presence of CAD was less than 10% in the elderly patients with less than 15% diameter stenosis of carotid artery, and was in the all elderly patient with 35% or greater diameter stenosis of carotid artery atherosclrosis. The predictability of 15% or greater carotid stenosis for CAD were 97.9% sensitivity, 54.6% specificity, 85.7% positive predictive value and 91.7% negative predictive valve and of 20% or greater were 92.1%, 70.4%, 89.9% and 78.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Carotid B-mode ultrasound is non-invasive, safe, and useful, and measurement of carotid artery plaque burden by B-mode ultrasonography expects to be rapidly being adopted as a reliable surro- gate for coronary artery atherosclerosis.

Exploration of the value of B mode ultrasound in the detection of amniotic fluid for fetus of 41～46~(+6) gestation weeks / 中国综合临床

s Objective To explore the value of B mode ultrasound in the detection of amniotic fluid(AF) for fetus of 41～ 46 +6 gestation weeks.Methods B mode ultrasound was performed to monitor AF in 232 fetus of 41～46 +6 gestation weeks compared with that in 296 fetus of 37～40 +6 gestation weeks. Results There were significant differences in amniotic fluid index(AFI), amniotic fluid muddy(AFM) and cavity fetal distress(CFD) between the two groups (P

Relation of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Atherosclerotic Plaque with the Extent of Coronary Artery Stenosis

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive measurements that relate to the extent and severity of coronary atherosclerosis have long been sought for clinical screening of patients with chest pain syndromes and for use in clinical trials. Intima-media thickeness (IMT) of the carotid artery has been suggested to be associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. In this study, we tried to assess the relation of carotid artery atherosclerosis by B-mode ultrasonography with presence and severity of coronary artery disease. METHOD: We studied 57 patients (36 men, 21 women) with ischemic heart disease, mean age 65+/-8 yrs (48 to 83 yrs), who underwent both coronary angiography and carotid ultrasonography with 10 MHz transducer. The patients who had received revascularization procedure were excluded. We classified the patients into two groups, the control group without significant coronary stenosis (18 patients) and the coronary artery disease (CAD) group (39 patients) with significant luminal stenosis (> or =50%). The CAD group was divided into single vessel disease group (SVD, 19 patients) and multivessel disease group (MVD, 20 patients). IMT was measured in far wall of common carotid artery (CCA) at 10 mm proximal to carotid bulb and abnormal IMT was defined if the measurement was greater than mean IMT+2SD of control group. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), Lipoproteinp (a)(Lp(a)) were measured and history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking were investigated. RESULTS: A significant difference in IMT of the CCA was found between control and CAD group (0.76+/-0.09 mm vs. 0.97+/-0.20 mm; p<0.0001). Also a significant difference in the number of atherosclerotic plaque was found between the two groups (control; 0.67+/-1.14 vs. CAD; 1.87+/-1.75; p<0.005). In the CAD group, both mean IMT and numbers of athero-sclerotic plaque tended to increase in MVD group compared with SVD group (1.03 mm vs. 0.91 mm; p=NS, 2.65 vs. 1.05; p<0.05). The sensitivity of IMT for prediction of significant CAD was 66.7%, the specificity 83.3%, the positive predictive value 89.7%, and the negative predictive value 53.6%. The sensitivity of plaque presence on the carotid artery for prediction of CAD was 71.8%, the specificity 61.3%, the positive predictive value 80.3% and the negative predictive value 50.5%. Among risk factor, diabetes mellitus and Lp (a) were correlated well with IMT of CCA, Hypertension was correlated with atherosclerotic plaque. History of smoking was correlated with coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: Increases in IMT and plaque of the carotid artery, as measured noninvasively by ultrasonography, can be used as a predictor of significant coronary artery stenosis.

Comparative Analysis of B-mode Ultrasound and Operative Results in Forty-three Patients with Painless Obstructive Jaundice / 中华超声影像学杂志

Forty-three patients who had ultrasonic examinations and operative resuIts selected from105 cases of painless obstructive jaundice were analysed.The results showed that 29 patients(67.4%>had diseases of head of pancreas,biliary duct cancer and carcinoma around ampuila and others. 5 pacalculus of common bile duct had no obvious biliary colic.The mecharlism of painless calculus was investigated. It is suggested that the exploratory laparotomy should be done as early as possible when there is difficulty to diagnose the cause of painless obstrutive jaundice by imaging technique.

Application of B-mode Ultrasound before Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy / 中华超声影像学杂志

According to the ultrasonic manifestations of the gall bladder before laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC),including size,morphology,wall thickness,presence or absence of gallstone,congenital anomaly of biliary duct,surrounding adhesion and state of common bile duct,tbe patients Werc dividcd into 4 groups:A.Most suitable for LC,B.Sitable for LC,C.Relatively suitable for LC. D.Not suitable for LC.This provided clinicians the basis for patient selection.Comparing with the sur.gical findings,the coincidence rate of B-mode ultrasonography was 97.8%.Preoperative B-mode ul-trasonography of gall bladder has significant clinical value to relieve the patients from pain,decrease the operative risk and conversion rate of LC.

Differences in muscle thicknesses of male and female Japanese elite athletes / 体力科学

The pourpose of this study is to investigate the differences in muscle thickness between males and females of Japanese elite athletes. Subjects were 82 males and 65 females who were Japan candidates for the 1986 Asian and the 1988 Olympic Games 8 sports events, e, g., sprinters, middle and long distance runners, throwers, swimmers, gymnasts, volleyball players, basketball players, and oarsmen. Muscle thicknesses were measured by using B-scan ultrasound equipment with a 5 MHz transducer at the follwing sites: forearm anterior, biceps, triceps, subsucapular, abdomen, quadriceps, hamstrings and posterior calf. In results, comparison in muscle thickness between males and females were made at upper extremity (forearm+biceps+triceps), trunk (subsucapular+ abdomen) and lower extremity (quadriceps+hamstrings+calf) . Males showed siginificantly higher values in muscle thickness than females at all sites, except for trunk of distance runners and lower extremity of volleyball players. Relative values of females to males in muscle thickness were 59-84% for upper extremity, 68-89% for trunk, 84-94% for lower extremity. At upper extremity and trunk, Males indicated significantly higher values in muscle thickness per body height (muscle thickness/Ht) execpt for distance runners. At lower extremity, however, there were no siginificant differences in muscle thickness/Ht at lower between males and females except for gymnasts. Relative values of females to males in muscle thickness/Ht were 66-94% for upper extremity, 72-99% for trunk and 89-100% for lower extremity. Males showed significantly higher values in upper/lower extremity ratio of muscle thickness than females, except for sprinters and distance runners. On the other hand, females had significantly higher values in lower/trunk ratio of muscle thickness than males, except for distance runners and gymnasts. These results indicate that the differences in muscle thickness between males and females exist remarkably at upper extremity and trunk commpared to lower extremity. These anatomical differences in the degree of muscle development may be refered to genetic and/or enviromental factors.

Application of Intravenous Administration of Anisodaminal Hydrochloridum in Gastric Ultrasonic Diagnosis / 中华超声影像学杂志

With the method of fluid-filled stomach and intravenous administration of anisodaminal hydrochloridum(654-2), 94 cases of 11 gastroduodenal diseases including gastric cancer and others were examined with ultrasound. Comparison of the ultrasonography with the pathological changes was done. The finding rate of gastric foci which equal to or more than 5mm in diameter was 96.8%. The correct rate of diagnosis was 80.9%. The accuracy in differentiating early gastric cancer from advancing gastric cancer was 87.5%. The correct rate for judging invasive depth of stomach wall by gastric cancer was 82.9%. It can also show the distinct ultrasonic features for gastric submucosal diseases.

Reliability of B-mode ultrasound for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness in the cadaver / 体力科学

The reliability of B-mode ultrasound for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness was evaluated in the cadaver. The ultrasonic device used in this study was the linear type employing a 5 MHz transducer. Ultrasonically determined-measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness was obtained on the upper arm, thigh, leg and abdomen. The border between subcutaneous fat and muscle tissues was able to be distinguish clearly by using this ultrasonic device. The subcutaneous fat thickness obtained ultrasonically were lower than those measured directly with using the slide calipers in the cadaver. Mean difference (standard deviation) between these values was 1.65 mm (0.98 mm) . A statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.97 (p<0.001) and the linear regression equation of D=1.0963 B+0.9332 was observed between the subcutaneous fat thickness obtained from a B-mode ultrasonic (B) and direct (D) methods. The results suggest that B-mode ultrasonic device may be able to use for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness and a more reliable fat thickness may be able to obtain by revising the ultrasonically determined-measurements.

SIGNIFICANCE OF DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGMENT FOR BREECH PRESENTATION BY B-MODE ULTRASOND / 重庆医科大学学报

In this article, we eported 201 singleton of breech presentation by B-mode ultrasound made 2 weeks before term.some criteria for breech delivery are as following.(1 )Diagnosis rate of breech, the ultrasonic prediction proved to be accurate by breech presentation conforming with delivery at the rate of 100%.( 2 )The estimated fetal weight: fetal weight by B-mode ultrasound corresponding to rate of delivery fetal weight by 73.6%.( 3 )Condition of fetal abnormality. there were 17 cases of umbilical cord presentation, 1 case of hyperextension of the fetal head among 201 cases.The selected Cesarean section should be performed in any of the following conditions: fetal body weight≥3400g, footling breech, umbilical cord presentation and hyperextension of the fetal head.Hence the perinatal mortality by B-mode ultrasound will be decreased

TRANSCERVICAL CHORIONIC VILLUS ASPIRATION FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS IN EARLY PREGNANCY / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

The technique of transcervical chorionic villus sampling (TCVS) was studied in 155 cases for selected abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 3 kinds of suction tube were compared. The ultrasonic mothod for the aspiration of chorionie villus sampling is more effective than the blind aspiration, giving a success rate of 99%. The modified suction tube with a stainless steel wire along-side as a supporter is simpler than the Portex's tube, giving a oneshot success rate of 85%. This shows that the TCVS is more satisfactory if the embryo is implanted into the posterior wall of the uterus. With the B-mode scanner, it gives the highest one-shot success rate and the amount of the obtained tissue is the greatest in the 7th and 8th weeks of gestation. Twenty cases were followed up for 3 to 7 days after the procedure before selective abortion. No complications occurred during and after the TCVS, indicating that this technique ia simple, safe and reliable.